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An electronically controlled limited-slip rear differential used on specified BMW M models.

Intake pressure above ambient atmospheric pressure, when expressed as gauge boost.

A shaft with lobes that operate the engine’s valves through the valvetrain.

The link that transfers force between a piston and the crankshaft.

The shaft that receives piston force through connecting rods and produces rotation.

A dual-clutch transmission with separate clutches for two groups of gears.

A drivetrain assembly that allows its two outputs to rotate at different speeds.

The engine controller that reads inputs and coordinates fuel, ignition and airflow.

A unit of power: how quickly an engine or motor can do work.

A heat exchanger that cools compressed intake air before it enters the engine.

Bearing shells between a connecting rod’s big end and its crankshaft journal.

Revolutions per minute: a measure of rotational speed.

The turning effect of a force acting at a distance from an axis.

An exhaust-driven turbine and shared-shaft compressor that compress intake air.

BMW’s variable intake-valve lift system for controlling engine airflow.

BMW’s system for adjusting camshaft timing relative to the crankshaft.

A valve that bypasses exhaust around a turbocharger turbine to regulate its drive.

BMW’s all-wheel-drive name: drive can reach both front and rear axles.